一全文逐句语法解读
本课是一段 叙事小品，重点是 过去完成时（had never travelled / had left）与 be + 形容词 表状态（was excited / was amused / was embarrassed）。
¶ 1 · 过去完成时（句 3、9）
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|
| she had never travelled on a train before. | 过去完成 had + 过去分词，表更早发生的动作 |
| After the train had left the station… | after 引导的从句用过去完成时，表先后顺序 |
| Sally was very excited because… | because 引出原因，说明为何兴奋 |
¶ 2 · be + 形容词表状态（句 3、15）
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|
| Sally was very excited… | be + 形容词作表语，说明主语的状态 |
| Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed! | 同一句中两个状态形成对比 |
| The lady was dressed in a blue coat… | be dressed in = 穿着…… |
¶ 3 · 动作的连续与描写（句 5、9、13）
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|
| a middle-aged lady got on the train and sat opposite Sally. | 三个过去式动作连续发生，用 and 连接 |
| opened her handbag and took out her powder compact | took out = 取出 |
| She put away her compact and smiled kindly. | put away = 收起来；kindly 修饰 smiled |
二固定搭配与重点词组
| 短语 | 用法与例句 |
|---|
| be invited to | 被邀请参加。was invited to a children's party。 |
| by train | 坐火车。交通方式用 by + 交通工具。 |
| get on / get off | 上车 / 下车。 |
| be dressed in | 穿着……。 |
| make up one's face | 化妆。 |
| put away | 把……收起来。 |
三语法核心总结
- 过去完成时（had + 过去分词）表在另一过去动作之前发生的动作，常与 before / after 连用。
- be dressed in 表“穿着”；make up one's face 表“化妆”。
- get on / get off 表“上车 / 下车”；交通方式用 by + 交通工具。
- 本课生词 13 个全部嵌入课文句子，无遗漏。