一全文逐句语法解读
本课围绕 现在完成时，重点是 already / just 在完成时中的位置，以及 be going to 表打算；同时对比一般过去时与现在完成时的用法。
¶ 1 · 现在完成时（句 4、7、18）
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|
| I've already had lunch. | 完成时 have + 过去分词；already 放 have 与过去分词之间 |
| I've just had a cup, thank you. | just 表“刚刚”，同样置于 have 之后 |
| I've already had my holiday this year. | 完成时表“过去发生、与现在有联系”的动作 |
¶ 2 · 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时（句 5、8、19、20）
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|
| I had lunch at half past twelve. | 过去时只说明过去某时发生的事 |
| I had one after my lunch. | 有明确的过去时间背景时用过去时 |
| Where did you go? | 疑问句用 did + 动词原形 |
| I stayed at home! | stay → stayed，规则动词加 -ed |
¶ 3 · be going to 与 Let's（句 9、13、14、15）
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|
| Let's go into the living room, Carol. | Let's = Let us，表建议 |
| We're packing our suitcases. | 现在进行时表此刻正在进行的动作 |
| We're going to leave tomorrow. | be going to + 动词原形，表打算 |
| Tom and I are going to have a holiday. | 主语为复数时用 are going to |
二固定搭配与重点词组
| 短语 | 用法与例句 |
|---|
| go on holiday / have a holiday | 去度假 / 度假。 |
| have lunch / have a cup of coffee | 吃午饭 / 喝杯咖啡。 |
| at half past twelve | 在十二点半。 |
| Excuse the mess. | 请原谅这里乱糟糟的。 |
| Aren't you lucky! | 你们真幸运！否定疑问句表感叹。 |
| be going to do | 打算做……。 |
三语法核心总结
核心语法
现在完成时 / already, just
- 现在完成时由 have + 过去分词 构成，规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同。
- already / just 放在 have（has）与过去分词之间。
- 有明确过去时间（at half past twelve / last year）时用一般过去时。
- 本课生词 5 个全部嵌入课文句子，无遗漏。