新概念英语第二册 Lesson 31 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是「从小铺子到大工厂」的成功者故事。语言点集中在 used to do sth. 表示过去常常、过去完成时 had become、定语从句 which employed …，以及 it 作形式主语的句型。

句子	语法点
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.	was telling 用过去进行时描写当时正在做的事 · as a young man 作为年轻人
Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.	used to do sth. 表示「过去常常做（现在已不做）」· the head of 某机构的首脑
It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.	it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 to repair bicycles · fourteen hours a day 每天 14 小时

句子	语法点
He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own.	save money 攒钱 · of his own 属于他自己的
In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes.	in one's twenties ＝在某人二十几岁时 · spare parts 备件
At that time he had two helpers.	helper 由 help + -er 构成，指「帮忙的人、助手」
In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people.	过去完成时 had become 表示到那时已经变成 · which employed … 是定语从句修饰 a factory

句子	语法点
Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.	the long road to success 通往成功的漫长道路 · 用一般过去时叙述
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.	be doing … when … 是常见句型：正……这时……
She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!	want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 · 结尾的感叹号点出幽默：厂长还得修孙子的车

短语	用法与例句
used to do sth.	过去常常做某事（现在不做了）：he used to work in a small shop。
the head of	……的首脑／负责人。
of one's own	属于某人自己的。
in one's twenties	在某人二十几岁的时候。
spare parts	备件、零件。

used to do

过去常常做（现在不了）／be used to doing 习惯于

过去完成时

had become 表示到过去某一时刻已完成

定语从句

which employed … 修饰 a factory

形式主语

It was his job to repair bicycles.

used to do 与 be used to doing 完全不同：used to work 是「过去常常工作」；be used to working 是「习惯于工作」；be used to do 则是「被用来做」。
in his twenties 表示年龄段（二十几岁），注意 twenties 要用复数。
which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people：数词 + hundred 时 hundred 不加 s，所以是 seven hundred，不是 seven hundreds。