🔍 Food and talk 进餐与交谈

新概念英语第二册 Lesson 40 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

NCE Book 2 · Lesson 40（课本印刷页 182-185）· 6 个生词和短语 · 课文 13 句

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是一则宴会上的小幽默。语言点主要是将来进行时 Will you be doing …? 用来委婉提问、be busy doing sth.、be fixed on、next to 这类固定说法，以及结尾那句 if + 过去式, would + 动词原形 的虚拟语气。

¶ 1 · 安排座位（句 1-3）

句子	语法点
Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.	at a dinner party 在一次宴会上 · hostess 女主人（host + -ess）· ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事 · next to 挨着，紧靠
Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.	unsmiling ＝ un- + smiling，不笑的、表情严肃的 · in a … dress 穿着……样的衣服，介词 in 表穿着
She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her.	时间状语从句 when 引导 · look up 抬头看 · take one's seat 就座，坐下 · beside ＝在……旁边

¶ 2 · 只顾吃饭（句 4-5）

句子	语法点
Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating.	被动语态 be fixed on 盯着，凝望着（此处已形容词化）· 固定结构 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 · in a short time 不一会儿
I tried to make conversation.	make conversation 找一个话题交谈（不等于 make a conversation）

¶ 3 · 三问三不答（句 6-11）

句子	语法点
'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'	将来进行时 Will you be doing …? 用将来进行时提问，比 Will you do …? 更委婉客气，不像在逼对方表态 · the Globe 环球剧场，伦敦著名剧场之一
'No,' she answered. / 'No,' she answered. / 'No,' she answered.	三个 No 一问一答，句式重复：Will you be spending …? / Will you be staying …? —— 一律用将来进行时提问

¶ 4 · 点睛之笔（句 12-13）

句子	语法点
In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.	in despair 失望之中（介词短语作状语）· 宾语从句 whether 引导
'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!'	虚拟语气 if + 一般过去时, 主语 + would + 动词原形：表示与现在事实相反的假设 · ate / talked 是过去式，但谈的是现在的事

二固定搭配与重点词组

短语	用法与例句
next to	挨着，紧靠：sit next to sb. / a shop next to the bank。
make conversation	交谈，搭话（指为打破沉默而找话说）。
be busy doing sth.	忙于做某事：She was busy eating.
be fixed on	盯着，凝望着：Her eyes were fixed on her plate.
in despair	失望之中，绝望地：In despair, I asked her …
Will you be doing …?	用将来进行时提问，语气比 Will you do …? 委婉、客气。
musical	标题词「精通音乐的，懂音乐的」：Not very musical ＝并非很懂音乐（本课标题）。

三语法核心总结

将来进行时问句

Will you be + 现在分词？——委婉提问

be busy doing

忙于做某事，用现在分词，不用不定式

虚拟语气

if + 过去式, would + 动词原形（与现在事实相反）

介词 in 表穿着

in a tight black dress 穿着紧身的黑衣服

将来进行时提问更委婉：Will you be seeing it? / Will you be spending your holidays abroad? 听起来只是「顺便问问」，不像 Will you see it? 那样要对方明确表态。这正是本课通篇用 will be doing 的原因。
be busy doing sth.：busy 后面跟现在分词，不能跟不定式。可以说 She was busy eating.（✓），不能说 She was busy to eat.（✗）。
虚拟语气：结尾句 if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner! 谈的是现在的情形，但动词用过去式（ate / talked），主句用 would + 原形。这类句子不表示「过去」，而是表示与事实相反的假设。