🔍 Over the South Pole 飞越南极

新概念英语第二册 Lesson 43 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

NCE Book 2 · Lesson 43（课本印刷页 194-197）· 13 个生词和短语 · 课文 8 句

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是记叙伯德飞越南极的短文。语言点集中在 过去完成时与一般过去时的分工、be able to do 与 could 的区别、run into trouble / at one point 等固定短语，以及 lie / clear / rise 这几个易混动词。

句子	语法点
In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time.	three years after … 在……之后三年 · R.E. Byrd 是 the American explorer 的同位语 · for the first time 第一次
Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble.	让步状语从句 though 引导，主句前的 Though 与主句用逗号隔开 · that lay below 是定语从句，修饰 the mountains · run into trouble 陷入困境

句子	语法点
At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash.	at one point 在某一时刻 / 某一地点 · it seemed certain that … 看来肯定（it 是形式主语）· would crash 是过去将来时
It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet.	条件状语从句 if 引导 · get over 越过，翻过 · rise to + 高度上升到……

句子	语法点
Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks.	at once 立刻，马上 · order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 · throw out 扔掉，抛出（抛掉重物以减轻飞机重量）
The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.	be able to do 能做成某事（强调做成，而非仅仅具备能力）· clear 在此是动词，意为「越过」· by 400 feet 以 400 英尺之差，by 表示「相差」

句子	语法点
Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight.	宾语从句 that 引导 · which was 300 miles away 是定语从句，修饰 the South Pole · for 是并列连词，表原因 · in sight 在视野之内
The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.	aircraft 单复数同形 · without difficulty 毫无困难地（介词短语作状语）

短语	用法与例句
run into trouble	陷入困境：they soon ran into serious trouble。
at one point	在某一时刻 / 某一地点：At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash.
get over	越过，翻过；也可表示「克服」：get over the mountains / get over a difficulty。
throw out	扔掉，抛出：order his men to throw out two heavy food sacks。
by + 数量	表示相差若干：it cleared the mountains by 400 feet（以 400 英尺之差越过山头）。
in sight	在视野之内，看得见：there were no more mountains in sight。
without difficulty	毫无困难地：fly over the endless white plains without difficulty。

be able to do

强调「做成某事」，可用于各种时态

could

只表示「有能力」，不能表示将来做成

过去将来时

would + 动词原形：their plane would crash

定语从句

that lay below / which was 300 miles away

be able to 与 could：句 6 用 was able to rise，强调「果然升起来了」，是事实上的成功；如果只说 could rise，则仅表示「有升起来的能力」，未必真升起来了。谈到「在某一具体场合做成了某事」，要用 was/were able to，不用 could。
lie 的两个过去式：lie（躺、位于）的过去式是 lay，过去分词是 lain；而 lay（放置）的过去式是 laid，过去分词 also laid。本课 that lay below 是 lie 的过去式，不要误当成 lay（放置）。
by 表「相差」：it cleared the mountains by 400 feet ＝飞机以高出山头 400 英尺的高度飞越。同类用法还有 win by two goals（以两球之差取胜）、miss the train by five minutes（差五分钟没赶上火车）。