新概念英语第二册 Lesson 45 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类
本课是一个「小偷还钱」的幽默小品。语言点集中在 被动语态的各种时态（had been lost / must have been found / had been wrapped / was sent / was paid back）、以及 while + 现在分词、in time、together with 等结构。
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. | 宾语从句 that 引导 · 过去完成时的被动 had been lost：在过去某时之前「已被丢失」· a large sum of money 一大笔钱 |
| Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. | the local butcher 是 Sam Benton 的同位语 · while taking … ＝ while he was taking …，连词后直接跟现在分词，主语与主句一致时可省略 · 本句主语是 Sam，故用 had lost |
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. | 情态动词的被动 must have been + 过去分词：对过去情况的推测，「一定已被……」· 被动语态的 by 引出动作执行者 · return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人 |
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. | three months passed 三个月过去了 · one morning 一天早晨 · outside his front door 在他的大门外 |
| It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!' | 过去完成时的被动 had been wrapped up in ＝ 被用……包起来 · together with 连同，和 · which said 是定语从句，修饰 a note · only 50 per cent a thief ＝ 只算半个小偷，幽默地按还钱比例自称 |
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: 'Only 25 per cent a thief now!' | 一般过去时的被动 was sent · some more money 又一些钱 · some / any / no 等可与 more 连用 |
| In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. | in time 最后，终于（不是「及时」，及时是 in time for）· pay back 归还 · in this way 用这种方式 |
| The last note said: 'I am 100 per cent honest now!' | 100 per cent honest 百分之百诚实 —— 与前两张字条的 50%、25% 形成层层递进的幽默 |
| 短语 | 用法与例句 |
|---|---|
| a large sum of money | 一大笔钱：a large sum of money had been lost。 |
| while + 现在分词 | ＝ while + 从句，主语一致时可省略：while taking his savings to the post office。 |
| together with | 连同，和……一起：half the money, together with a note。 |
| per cent | 百分之……：50 per cent / 100 per cent（也可写作 percent）。 |
| in time | 最后，终于（注意：不是「及时」，及时是 in time for sth.）。 |
| pay back | 归还，偿还：all Sam's money was paid back。 |
| a clear conscience | 问心无愧，良心清白（本课标题）：a clear conscience ＝ 没有亏心。 |