新概念英语第二册 Lesson 51 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类
本课是一个「节食失败」的幽默小品。语言点集中在 so … that … 结果状语从句、It was obvious that … 主语从句、as fat as ever 这类 as … as 比较结构，以及 go on a diet、pay sb. a visit、first of all 等固定短语。
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. | 结果状语从句 so + 形容词 + that 从句 · get 在此作「变得」讲（＝become）· go on a diet 节食 · Hugh 是 My friend 的同位语 |
| He began his diet a week ago. | a week ago 一星期前 · 一般过去时，交代节食开始的时间 |
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. | first of all 首先 · write out 开列，写出 · which were forbidden 是定语从句，修饰 the foods · forbid 的过去分词 forbidden 在此作形容词，意为「被禁止的」 |
| The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. | include 包括 · most of the things 大部分东西 · 冒号后是列举，把「爱吃的全在禁食单上」的荒谬处境摆了出来 |
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| Yesterday I paid him a visit. | pay sb. a visit ＝ visit sb.，去看望某人（pay 后接与动词同源的名词） |
| I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. | ring the bell 按门铃 · be not surprised to do sth. 对做某事不感惊奇 · as + 形容词 + as ever 和以往一样……（as ever 是 as he ever was 的省略）· 宾语从句 that 引导 |
| He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. | lead sb. into 把某人领进 · hurriedly 匆忙地（hurried + -ly）· hide sth. under 把某物藏在……下 |
| It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. | 主语从句 It was obvious that … ＝ 显然……；it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 从句 · be embarrassed 感到尴尬 |
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. | 宾语从句 what 引导，作 asked 的宾语 · guiltily 内疚地（guilty + -ily）· 副词修饰 smiled，写出被抓现行的神态 |
| He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. | 结果状语从句 so + 形容词 + that 从句 · reward oneself 奖赏自己 · occasionally 偶尔地 · 把「偷吃」说成「奖赏」，是本文讥讽的笔法 |
| Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. / It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! | the contents of the parcel 包里的东西 · five large bars of chocolate 五大块巧克力 · 结尾用具体数量与前文的「严格节食」形成强烈反差 |
| 短语 | 用法与例句 |
|---|---|
| go on a diet | 节食，实行饮食控制（＝be on a diet）：he decided to go on a diet。 |
| first of all | 首先：First of all, he wrote out a long list。 |
| write out | 开列，写出：wrote out a long list of all the foods。 |
| pay sb. a visit | 看望某人（＝visit sb.）：Yesterday I paid him a visit。 |
| as fat as ever | 像以往一样胖；as + 形容词 + as ever ＝ 和以往一样…… |
| It was obvious that … | 显然……（it 作形式主语，that 从句是真正的主语）。 |
| reward oneself | 奖赏自己：he had to reward himself occasionally。 |
| virtue | 美德，德行（本课标题）：Reward for virtue ＝ 对美德的奖赏。 |