🔍 After the fire 大火之后

新概念英语第二册 Lesson 62 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

NCE Book 2 · Lesson 62（课本印刷页 284-287）· 15 个生词和短语 · 课文 9 句

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是一则灾后重建的报道。语言点集中在 过去完成进行时（had been fighting / had been planting）、过去完成时（had covered / had taken root）、被动语态（had been put out / was sprayed），以及 for 引导的并列原因分句。

¶ 1 · 扑火（句 1-2）

句子	语法点
Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.	过去完成进行时 had been fighting：在另一件过去的事（控制住火势）之前，一直在打火 · get sth. under control 把某事控制住 · nearly three weeks 将近三周
A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.	过去完成时 had covered：写「火灾之前」的景象，为下文荒凉作对比 · a short time before 不久前 · for miles around 方圆数英里

¶ 2 · 荒凉的山丘（句 3-4）

句子	语法点
Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.	rise up from 从……升起 · warm ground 发热的地面（余烬未熄）· desolate hills 荒凉的山丘 · still 仍然，写出灾后未息的余烬
Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.	come on 来临 · threaten sb. with sth. 以某物威胁某人 · 并列连词 for 引导原因分句（for 表「因为」，语气比 because 弱）· not only … but … as well 不仅……而且……

¶ 3 · 撒播草籽（句 5-7）

句子	语法点
When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.	被动语态 had been put out（过去完成时的被动式）· 时间状语从句 when 引导 · the forest authorities 森林管理当局（authority 用复数指当局）· a special type of 一种特殊的
The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.	被动语态 was sprayed：被喷洒 · in huge quantities 大量地 · by aeroplanes 用飞机（by 引出方式或手段）
The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.	过去完成进行时 had been planting · 时间状语从句 when 引出另一件发生的事 · 与句 1 同构：had been doing … when …

¶ 4 · 绿草生根（句 8-9）

句子	语法点
By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.	by then 到那时 · take root 生根，扎根 · had already taken root 用过去完成时，点出「下雨时草早已扎根」这一关键
In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.	定语从句 which 引导，修饰 the great trees · 过去完成进行时 had been growing · in place of 代替（＝ instead of）· patch 小块 · blackened 烧黑的 · 结尾以「新绿代替古树」收束，暗含希望

二固定搭配与重点词组

短语	用法与例句
get sth. under control	把某事控制住：get it under control。
for miles around	方圆数英里：great trees had covered the countryside for miles around。
come on	来临：Winter was coming on。
threaten sb. with sth.	以某物威胁某人：the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction。
not only … but … as well	不仅……而且……：would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well。
in huge quantities	大量地：The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities。
take root	生根，扎根：the grass had already taken root。
in place of	代替：In place of the great trees…。

三语法核心总结

过去完成进行时

had been fighting / had been planting：在另一件过去的事之前一直在做

过去完成时

had covered / had taken root：在另一件过去的事之前已完成

被动语态

had been put out / was sprayed

并列连词 for

表原因，语气比 because 弱

had been doing … when …：本课句 1 与句 7 同构——Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. / The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. 前半句用过去完成进行时铺出「一直在做」，后半句用 before / when 引出转折性的另一件事。
for 引导的原因分句：… for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. 这里的 for 是并列连词，表示「因为」，但语气比 because 弱，通常用来补充说明理由，不能放在句首。
过去完成时点出先后：By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. 「到那时草早已生根」，用过去完成时说明「生根」发生在「下雨」之前，这正是灾后重建成功的关键。