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新概念英语第二册 Lesson 69 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

NCE Book 2 · Lesson 69（课本印刷页 312-315）· 10 个生词和短语 · 课文 11 句

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是一则「路考反转」的幽默小品。语言点集中在 过去进行时/过去完成时的被动语态（was being tested / had been asked）、must have done 表对过去的推测、It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.，以及 for 引导的并列原因分句。

¶ 1 · 第三次路考（句 1-3）

句子	语法点
I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.	过去进行时的被动语态 was being tested：正在被考试 · for the third time 第三次 · a driving licence 驾驶执照
I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.	过去完成时的被动语态 had been asked：被要求 · in heavy traffic 在拥挤的车流中 · do so 代替前面提到的 drive in heavy traffic
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.	动名词的完成被动式 after having been instructed：在被指示之后 · drive out of town 驶出城外 · begin to do sth. 开始做某事 · acquire confidence 获得信心

¶ 2 · 渐入佳境（句 4-5）

句子	语法点
Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.	形容词短语作状语 Sure that I had passed：确信已经通过 · be beginning to do sth. 正开始做某事 · almost 几乎
The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, "Just one more thing, Mr. Eames."	must have done 对过去的推测：一定…… · be pleased with 对……满意 · performance 表现 · 并列连词 for 表原因 · one more thing 还有一件事

¶ 3 · 一个假设（句 6-7）

句子	语法点
Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.	Let us suppose … 假定……（祈使句，用于提出假设）· 宾语从句 that 引导 · in front of 在……前面
As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.	时间状语从句 as soon as 引导 · tap on the window 敲车窗 · must 表义务必须 · within five feet 在五英尺之内

¶ 4 · 反应太迟（句 8-11）

句子	语法点
I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly.	continue doing sth. 继续做某事 · after some time 过了一会儿 · loudly 大声地
Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.	被动语态 could be heard · It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 某人花多少时间做某事 · 让步状语从句 though 引导
I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.	被动语态 were thrown forward：被猛地向前抛 · press sth. hard 用力踩 · the brake pedal 刹车踏板
The examiner looked at me sadly. "Mr. Eames," he said, in a mournful voice, "you have just killed that child!"	现在完成时 have just killed（刚刚压死）· in a mournful voice 用悲伤的语调 · 结尾以「你刚才压死那个孩子了」的反转收束全篇

二固定搭配与重点词组

短语	用法与例句
for the third time	第三次：I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time。
in heavy traffic	在拥挤的车流中：asked to drive in heavy traffic。
be pleased with	对……满意：must have been pleased with my performance。
must have done	对过去的推测（一定……）：The examiner must have been pleased…。
within five feet	在五英尺之内：you must stop within five feet。
It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.	某人花多少时间做某事：it took me a long time to react。
in a … voice	用……的语调：in a mournful voice。

三语法核心总结

过去进行时被动

was being tested

过去完成时被动

had been asked

must have done

对过去的推测：must have been pleased

It takes sb. … to do sth.

某人花多少时间做某事

must have done 表对过去的推测：The examiner must have been pleased with my performance. must + have + 过去分词表示「对过去发生的事情很有把握的推测」，意为「一定……」。若语气较弱（可能），用 may have done；若表示「不可能」，用 can't have done。
两种被动语态的时态叠加：was being tested 是过去进行时的被动式（过去某时正在被进行），had been asked 是过去完成时的被动式（在过去某时之前已被要求）。它们的共同点是 be 的时态变化 + 过去分词。
do so 的替代作用：I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. 中的 had done so 代替 had driven in heavy traffic，避免重复。这是英语中常见的替代手段，同类还有 do that、do it。