🔍 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟

新概念英语第二册 Lesson 71 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

NCE Book 2 · Lesson 71（课本印刷页 320-323）· 9 个生词和短语 · 课文 8 句

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是一则关于「大本钟」的说明文。语言点集中在 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气（If … had not been burned down …, would never have been erected）、非限制性定语从句、have sth. done，以及 of immense size 这类「of + 名词」结构。

¶ 1 · 大本钟与国会大厦（句 1-3）

句子	语法点
When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.	时间状语从句 when 引导 · 定语从句 you will see 修饰 one of the first things；which 引导修饰 the famous clock · Big Ben 大本钟（同位语）· on the B.B.C. 在英国广播公司的广播里
If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.	虚拟语气（与过去事实相反） If … had not been burned down …, would never have been erected · the Houses of Parliament 国会大厦 · erect 建造（＝ build / set up）
It is named after Sir Benjamin Hall, who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.	be named after 以……命名 · be responsible for 负责 · 非限制性定语从句 who 引导 · 时间状语从句 when 引导 · 从句用过去进行时 were being built

¶ 2 · 巨大而准确（句 4-6）

句子	语法点
It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.	not only … but … as well 不仅……而且…… · of + 名词 of immense size ＝ very large（表特征）· extremely 极其 · accurate 准确的
Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.	have sth. done have the clock checked：让人校正大钟 · twice a day 每天两次 · Greenwich Observatory 格林尼治天文台
On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.	时间状语从句 when 引导 · 原因状语从句 because 引导 · 被动语态 are connected to · strike（钟）报时 · actually 实际上

¶ 3 · 油漆工的恶作剧（句 7-8）

句子	语法点
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time.	go wrong 出故障 · rarely 很少（近乎否定）· fail to do sth. 未能做某事 · give the correct time 报出准确的时间
A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!	定语从句 who 引导，修饰 a painter · 过去完成进行时 had been working（在「挂桶」之前一直干活）· hang 的过去式 hung · a pot of paint 一罐油漆 · the hands（钟的）指针 · slow sth. down 使变慢

二固定搭配与重点词组

短语	用法与例句
be named after	以……命名：It is named after Sir Benjamin Hall。
be responsible for	对……负责：who was responsible for the making of the clock。
of immense size	＝ very large（「of + 名词」表特征）：It is not only of immense size。
have sth. done	让人做某事：have the clock checked twice a day。
twice a day	每天两次：have the clock checked twice a day。
go wrong	出故障：Big Ben has rarely gone wrong。
fail to do sth.	未能做某事：it failed to give the correct time。
slow sth. down	使某物变慢：slowed it down。

三语法核心总结

虚拟语气（与过去相反）

If … had not been burned down …, would never have been erected

非限制性定语从句

Sir Benjamin Hall, who was responsible for …

have sth. done

have the clock checked

of + 名词表特征

of immense size ＝ very large

与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. 从句用 had + 过去分词，主句用 would have + 过去分词。事实是国会大厦确实被烧毁了，大钟也确实建了起来，所以这是对过去事实的相反假设。
of immense size 这类结构：「of + 名词」可用来描写人或物的特征，of immense size 相当于 very large，of great value 相当于 very valuable。同类还有 of the same age、of different colours。
have sth. done 的使役用法：Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. 表示「让大钟被检查」，即请人去检查。注意主语（官员们）并不亲自检查，这是 have + 宾语 + 过去分词的典型含义。