🔍 The record-holder 纪录保持者

新概念英语第二册 Lesson 73 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

NCE Book 2 · Lesson 73（课本印刷页 342-345）· 8 个生词和短语 · 课文 11 句

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是一则「逃学纪录」的趣闻。语言点集中在 who 引导的定语从句、as far as they get 这类固定表达、be put to shame，以及 while + 现在分词 这类状语从句的省略形式。

句子	语法点
Children who play truant from school are unimaginative.	定语从句 who 引导，修饰 children · play truant from school 逃学 · unimaginative 缺乏想像力的（un- + imaginative）
A quiet day's fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get.	as far as they get 他们所能达到的极限（as far as 引导程度）· over and over again 一遍又一遍 · seeing the same film 现在分词短语作定语 · 主语较长，谓语用单数 is
They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles.	be put to shame 相形见绌，使……感到羞愧 · 定语从句 who 引导 · 状语从句的省略 while (he was) playing truant · 现在完成时的被动语态 have been put to shame

句子	语法点
He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep.	hitchhike 搭便车旅行 · towards evening 傍晚时分 · somewhere to sleep 睡觉的地方（不定式作后置定语）· go into a boat 钻进一条船
When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais.	时间状语从句 when 引导 · 过去完成时 had travelled（在他睡觉期间已发生）· in the meantime 在此期间，同时 · in the meantime 插入 had 与 travelled 之间，是常见的分隔现象
No one noticed the boy as he crept off.	时间状语从句 as 引导 · creep off 悄悄溜走 · notice 注意到
From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a lorry.	from there 从那里 · in a lorry 搭乘卡车 · 承接上句，继续「搭车」这条线索

句子	语法点
The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city.	give sb. sth. 给某人某物 · a few 几个（后接可数名词复数）· leave sb. just outside the city 把某人留在城郊
The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border.	定语从句 the boy stopped 修饰 the next car（关系代词省略）· as he hoped it would 正如他所希望的那样（as 引导方式状语从句）· on the French-Spanish border 在法西边境 · not … but … 不是……而是……
There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities.	被动语态 was picked up / (was) sent back · pick up 抓住，逮住 · the local authorities 当地当局

句子	语法点
He has surely set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of evading school.	set up a record 创造纪录 · the thousands of children 成千上万的孩子 · 定语从句 who 引导 · dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事 · evade school 逃学 · has surely set up 用现在完成时，点出「纪录已成立」

短语	用法与例句
play truant	逃学：Children who play truant from school are unimaginative。
as far as they get	他们所能达到的极限：is usually as far as they get。
be put to shame	相形见绌，使……羞愧：They have all been put to shame by a boy。
hitchhike	搭便车旅行：He hitchhiked to Dover。
in the meantime	在此期间，同时：the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais。
creep off	悄悄溜走：No one noticed the boy as he crept off。
pick up	抓住，逮住：he was picked up by a policeman。
dream of doing sth.	梦想做某事：children who dream of evading school。

定语从句

who 引导修饰 children / a boy；关系代词省略修饰 the next car

状语从句的省略

while (he was) playing truant

过去完成时

the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais

被动语态

have been put to shame / was picked up / (was) sent back

while playing truant 是状语从句的省略：完整形式是 while he was playing truant。当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致、且谓语含 be 时，可省略「主语 + be」，只留连词 + 现在分词（主动）或过去分词（被动）。同类还有 when crossing the road、though tired。
in the meantime 的分隔用法：the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais 中，副词短语 in the meantime 插在助动词 had 与过去分词之间。这种「插入语」写法在书面语中很常见，阅读时不要被它打断对句子主干（had travelled）的判断。
as far as they get 的含义：as far as 本义是「远到……」，此处引申为「到……的程度」。as far as they get 即「他们所能达到的最大程度」，用来强调这些逃学者的「成就」十分有限，从而反衬下文那个男孩。