新概念英语第二册 Lesson 82 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是一则关于海怪的科普小品。语言点集中在 claim to have done sth.、it is now known that … 这一被动结构、have been sighted / are washed / is being examined 等被动语态，以及 no ordinary fish 这类表强调的否定结构。

¶ 1 · 海怪传说（句 1-3）

句子	语法点
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.	claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事（不定式的完成式）· in the sea 在海里 · fishermen 渔夫（fisherman 的复数）
Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish.	让步状语从句 though 引导 · laugh at 嘲笑 · stories told by seamen 水手讲的故事（过去分词短语作定语）· it is now known that … 现在已知……（it 是形式主语）· 定语从句 which 引导 · at times 有时 · 被动语态 have been sighted
Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea.	被动语态 are washed to the shore：被冲到岸边 · occasionally 偶尔 · out at sea 在外海上 · rarely 很少（近乎否定，句意随之反转为肯定）

¶ 2 · 捕获怪鱼（句 4-5）

句子	语法点
Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar.	被动语态 was caught · a peculiar fish 一条奇怪的鱼 · near Madagascar 在马达加斯加附近 · some time ago 不久前
A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line.	被动语态 was carried · miles out to sea 被拖到数英里外的海上 · 时间状语从句 as 引导 · pull on the line 拉钓线

¶ 3 · 小心护鱼（句 6-7）

句子	语法点
Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way.	现在分词短语作状语 Realizing that … · no ordinary fish 绝不是一条普通的鱼（no 比 not a 语气更强）· make every effort 尽一切努力 · not to damage it 不弄伤它 · in any way 在任何方面
When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long.	时间状语从句 when 引导 · bring sth. to shore 把某物弄上岸 · 被动语态 was found to be 被发现是…… · over thirteen feet long 长十三英尺多

¶ 4 · 真身与习性（句 8-10）

句子	语法点
It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail.	a head like a horse 像马一样的头 · shining silver skin 闪闪发光的银色皮肤 · 四个并列的宾语，逐层写出怪异的外形
The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish.	非限制性定语从句 which 引导，从句中又含 where 引导的定语从句 · 被动语态 has since been sent / is being examined（现在进行时的被动式）· since 此后 · oarfish 桨鱼
Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.	被动语态 have rarely been seen · alive 活着的（作主语补足语）· 原因状语从句 as 引导 · at a depth of 在……的深度 · six hundred feet 六百英尺

二固定搭配与重点词组

短语	用法与例句
claim to have done sth.	声称做过某事：claim to have seen monsters in the sea。
laugh at	嘲笑：people have often laughed at stories told by seamen。
at times	有时：which have at times been sighted。
be washed to the shore	被冲到岸边：unusual creatures are washed to the shore。
make every effort to do sth.	尽一切努力做某事：made every effort not to damage it。
be found to be	被发现是……：it was found to be over thirteen feet long。
at a depth of	在……的深度：they live at a depth of six hundred feet。

三语法核心总结

被动语态

have been sighted / are washed / was caught / was carried / is being examined

it is now known that …

形式主语句型

no + 名词

表强烈否定：no ordinary fish

at times / occasionally / rarely

时间频度副词（短语）

it is now known that …：这是「形式主语句型」，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。本句真正的主语很长（many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish），用 it 作形式主语可以使句子结构平稳。
no ordinary fish ≠ not an ordinary fish：no 直接否定名词，语气比 not a 强得多，意为「绝不是一条普通的鱼」。同类还有 He is no fool.（他可不傻。）
rarely 引起的句意反转：Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man … rarely 本身含否定意义（很少），因此句子意思相当于「人们几乎看不到活的这种鱼」。同类词还有 hardly、scarcely、seldom。