🔍 Out of control 失控

新概念英语第二册 Lesson 86 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

NCE Book 2 · Lesson 86（课本印刷页 394-397）· 10 个生词和短语 · 课文 12 句

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是一则惊险的海上小故事。语言点集中在 as / when 引导的时间状语从句（had hardly … when …、had just … when …）、过去完成时点明先后，以及 be used up、swim out of danger、before long 等固定表达。

¶ 1 · 快艇失控（句 1-3）

句子	语法点
As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands.	时间状语从句 as 引导（当……时）· swing sth. round 使某物掉头 · the steering wheel 方向盘 · come away 脱落，掉下来 · in his hands 在他手里
He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes.	wave to sb. 向某人挥手 · 非限制性定语从句 who 引导 · had been water skiing 用过去完成进行时，说明在「挥手」之前一直在滑水 · for the last fifteen minutes 在过去十五分钟里
Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea.	had hardly done … when … 刚……就……（hardly 已含否定意义，故从句用肯定式）· 宾语从句 what was happening 作 realize 的宾语 · 被动语态 were thrown into the sea

¶ 2 · 撞上浮标（句 4-5）

句子	语法点
The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water.	strike a buoy 撞上浮标 · continue to do sth. 继续做某事 · across the water 横过水面 · 用过去完成时 had struck 说明「撞」发生在「继续行驶」之前
Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle.	had just done … when … 刚……就…… · swim towards the shore 向岸边游 · notice with dismay 沮丧地注意到 · 宾语从句 that 引导，从句用过去进行时表示当时正在发生 · move in a circle 转圈

¶ 3 · 快艇反扑（句 6-9）

句子	语法点
It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed.	come straight towards 径直朝……而来 · at tremendous speed 以惊人的速度 · at … speed 是表示速度的固定搭配
In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away.	in less than a minute 不到一分钟 · roar past 呼啸而过 · only a few feet away 只离几英尺远 · only 强调距离之近
After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return.	时间状语从句 after 引导 · swim on 继续游 · as quickly as they could 尽可能快（as … as one can/could 结构）· 原因状语从句 because 引导 · 宾语从句 that 引导，从句用过去将来时 would return
They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle.	had just done … when … 刚……就…… · have enough time to do sth. 有足够时间做某事 · swim out of danger 游出危险区 · again 又，再一次

¶ 4 · 油尽艇停（句 10-12）

句子	语法点
On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably.	on this occasion 这一次 · however 然而（插入语）· slow down 减速 · considerably 相当大地，修饰 slow down
The petrol had nearly all been used up.	被动语态 had been used up · use up 用完，耗尽 · nearly all 几乎全部 · the petrol 作主语，谓语用单数
Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.	before long 不久，没过多久 · drop 减弱，消失 · begin to do sth. 开始做某事 · drift gently 缓缓漂流 · across the water 在水面上 · 与开头「快艇飞驰」形成对比，收束全文

二固定搭配与重点词组

短语	用法与例句
try to do sth.	试图做某事：tried to swing the speedboat round。
come away	脱落，掉下来：the steering wheel came away in his hands。
wave to sb.	向某人挥手：He waved desperately to his companion。
had hardly done … when …	刚……就……：had hardly had time to realize … when …。
had just done … when …	刚……就……：had just begun to swim … when …。
be thrown into	被抛入……：they were thrown violently into the sea。
at tremendous speed	以惊人的速度：came straight towards them at tremendous speed。
swim out of danger	游出危险区：swim out of danger。
be used up	被用完：The petrol had nearly all been used up。
before long	不久，没过多久：Before long, the noise dropped completely。

三语法核心总结

had hardly / just done … when …

刚……就……

过去完成时

had struck / had passed / had slowed down（点明先后）

过去完成进行时

had been water skiing（一直在滑水）

过去将来时

knew that the boat would soon return

had hardly done … when …：这是英语里表达「一……就……」的常用结构，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。因为 hardly 本身含否定意义，所以从句不能再用否定式：Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea. 同类结构还有 had scarcely … when …、had no sooner … than …。
时态的先后层次：本课通篇用过去时叙事，但只要动作有先后，先发生的就用过去完成时（had struck、had passed、had slowed down、had been used up），后发生的用一般过去时（continued、noticed、completed、dropped）。理清这些层次是读懂本课的关键。
be used up：use up 意为「用完、耗尽」，变为被动即为 be used up。The petrol had nearly all been used up. 中 nearly all 是「几乎全部」，插在 had 与 been 之间，是本句的一个小难点。