🔍 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里

新概念英语第二册 Lesson 88 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

NCE Book 2 · Lesson 88（课本印刷页 402-405）· 12 个生词和短语 · 课文 12 句

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是一则矿井救援的报道。语言点集中在 虚拟条件句的三种形态（与现在相反、与过去相反、与将来相反）、现在完成进行时（have been drilling）、被动语态（have been trapped / are used / was lowered / have been told），以及 as it is、run out of、keep in touch with、lose heart 等固定表达。

¶ 1 · 六人被困（句 1-3）

句子语法点
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours.被动语态 have been trapped（现在完成时的被动式）· for seventeen hours 表示持续了十七小时 · 用现在完成时点出「至今仍被困」
If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.条件状语从句 if 引导，从句用一般现在时代替将来时 · bring sb. to the surface 把某人救到地面上 · lose one’s life 丧生 · may 表示可能性
However, rescue operations are proving difficult.rescue operations 营救工作 · prove 后接形容词（proving difficult），意为「证明是、结果是」· 用现在进行时表示目前这一情况正在持续

¶ 2 · 营救方案（句 4-6）

句子语法点
If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse.条件状语从句 if 引导 · 被动语态 are used · cause sth. to do sth. 导致某物做某事（collapse 作宾语补足语）· the roof of the mine 矿井的顶部
Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.therefore 因此（副词，承接上句的推断）· drill a hole 钻洞 · on the north side of 在……的北侧 · 现在进行时表示正在进行的动作
They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule.intend to do sth. 打算做某事 · bring sb. up 把某人带上来 · in a special capsule 用一种特制的容器 · special 强调专为此事而制

¶ 3 · 硬岩阻工（句 7-8）

句子语法点
If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.虚拟条件句（与过去相反） 从句用 had not been，主句用 would have completed · a hard layer of rock 一层坚硬的岩石 · beneath the soil 在土壤之下 · in a few hours 几个小时内
As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.as it is 事实上，实际情况是（承接上句的虚拟，转入现实）· 现在完成进行时 have been drilling（已持续并仍在继续）· have a long way to go 还有很长的路要走

¶ 4 · 井下状况（句 9-12）

句子语法点
Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.meanwhile 与此同时 · 非限制性定语从句 which 引导 · 被动语态 was lowered · enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能做某事 · keep in touch with 与……保持联系 · closest relatives 最亲近的亲属
Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.让步状语从句 though 引导 · run out of 用完，耗尽 · cheerful and confident 情绪好而自信 · 宾语从句 that 引导作 confident 的宾语
They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.被动语态 have been told · 宾语从句 that 引导，从句用现在进行时 · progress 进展 · smoothly 顺利地
If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.虚拟条件句（与现在相反） 从句用 knew，主句用 would lose · 宾语从句 how difficult it was to drill through …（how 引导）· lose heart 丧失信心（heart 前不加冠词）· 结尾与上句的「被瞒着」形成对照

二固定搭配与重点词组

短语用法与例句
lose one's life丧生：they may lose their lives。
prove difficult证明是困难的：rescue operations are proving difficult。
cause sth. to do sth.导致某物做某事：vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse。
intend to do sth.打算做某事：They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule。
as it is事实上，实际情况是：As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours。
have a long way to go还有很长的路要走：they still have a long way to go。
enable sb. to do sth.使某人能做某事：has enabled the men to keep in touch with …。
keep in touch with与……保持联系：keep in touch with their closest relatives。
run out of用完，耗尽：they are running out of food and drink。
lose heart丧失信心：they would lose heart。

三语法核心总结

虚拟条件句
If there had not been … would have completed（与过去相反）；If they knew … would lose（与现在相反）
现在完成进行时
have been drilling（已钻了十六小时且仍在钻）
被动语态
have been trapped / are used / was lowered / have been told
as it is
事实上（虚拟之后转入现实的过渡语）