🔍 A noble gift 崇高的礼物

新概念英语第二册 Lesson 93 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

NCE Book 2 · Lesson 93（课本印刷页 422-425）· 11 个生词和短语 · 课文 9 句

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是一篇介绍自由女神像的说明文。语言点集中在 过去完成时的被动语态（had been erected / had been put together），before / by / ever since 等时间表达，以及 be made of、take … to complete、take sth. to pieces、put sth. together 等固定表达，全篇以被动语态贯串，是学习被动语态的好材料。

¶ 1 · 雕像的来历（句 1-3）

句子	语法点
One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France.	同位语 the Statue of Liberty 说明前面的 one of the most famous monuments · 被动语态 was presented to sb. by sb. · in the nineteenth century 在十九世纪 · the people of France 法国人民
The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete.	非限制性定语从句 which 引导，用被动语态 was designed by · take + 时间 + to do sth. 花多少时间做某事 · complete 完成 · 本句把「谁设计」作为补充信息，主句仍是「花了十年」
The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel.	be made of 由……制成（能看出原材料）· 过去分词短语作定语 supported by a metal framework 修饰 copper · 定语从句 which 引导 · 过去完成时的被动语态 had been constructed by Eiffel · especially 专门地

¶ 2 · 运往美国之前（句 4-5）

句子	语法点
Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built.	时间状语从句 before 引导 · 过去完成时的被动语态 had to be found / had to be built 不得不被……· 被动语态 could be transported · site 场地 · pedestal 底座
The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour.	过去分词作定语 the site chosen = the site which was chosen · at the entrance of New York Harbour 在纽约港入口处

¶ 3 · 竖起与拆运（句 6-7）

句子	语法点
By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris.	by + 时间到……时为止（常与完成时连用）· 定语从句 which 引导 · 过去完成时的被动语态 had been erected · erect 竖立 · 151 feet tall 高151英尺
The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America.	take sth. to pieces 把某物拆开 · the following year 第二年 · 两个并列的被动谓语 was taken to pieces 与 (was) sent · 英语中用 and 连接时可共用一个助动词

¶ 4 · 组装与赠送（句 8-9）

句子	语法点
By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi.	by the end of + 时间到……末为止 · put sth. together 把某物组装起来（与 take … to pieces 相对）· 过去完成时的被动语态 had been put together · officially 正式地 · 被动语态 was presented to sb. by sb.
Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.	ever since then 从那时起一直（与现在完成时连用）· a symbol of liberty 自由的象征 · the millions of people 数百万的人 · 定语从句 who 引导 · pass through 穿过 · make one’s home in 在……安家落户

二固定搭配与重点词组

短语	用法与例句
one of the most famous …	最著名的……之一：One of the most famous monuments in the world。
be presented to sb. by sb.	由某人赠送给某人：was presented to the United States of America by the people of France。
be designed by	由……设计：which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi。
take ten years to complete	花十年完成：took ten years to complete。
be made of	由……制成（看得出材料）：The actual figure was made of copper。
a site had to be found	必须找一块场地：a site had to be found for it。
take sth. to pieces	把某物拆开：it was taken to pieces。
put sth. together	把某物组装起来：the statue had been put together again。
be a symbol of	是……的象征：has been a symbol of liberty。
make one's home in	在……安家落户：to make their homes in America。

三语法核心总结

被动语态

was presented / was designed / was made of / could be transported / had to be found / was taken to pieces / was sent

过去完成时的被动语态

had been erected / had been constructed / had been put together

by + 时间

By 1884 / By the end of October 1886（与完成时连用）

take … to pieces / put … together

拆开 / 组装（一对反义短语）

过去完成时的被动语态：had been + 过去分词。本课多处用它表示「在过去某一时间之前就已经被完成的动作」：By 1884, a statue … had been erected in Paris.（到1884年，一座雕像已在巴黎竖立起来。）By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again …（到1886年10月底，雕像已被重新组装起来。）
by + 时间点与完成时：by 表示「到……时为止」，句中谓语常用完成时。本课 By 1884 … had been erected；By the end of October 1886 … had been put together again and it was officially presented …。若 by 后接的是将来时间，则用将来完成时。
be made of 与 be made from：be made of 用于能看出原材料的场合，如 The figure was made of copper.（看得出是铜做的）；be made from 用于看不出原材料的场合，如 Paper is made from wood.。此外还有 be made in（在某地制造）、be made by（由某人制造）。