新概念英语第二册 Lesson 10 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类
本课是「古钢琴被弄坏」的短文，语言点集中在 被动语态（一般过去时被动、现在进行时被动、情态类被动）与 belong to / be made in / be allowed to 等固定搭配。
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| We have an old musical instrument. | musical 是形容词，修饰 instrument · instrument 泛指乐器 |
| It is called a clavichord. | 被动语态 is called = 被称为 · 主语 it 是动作的承受者，故用被动 |
| It was made in Germany in 1681. | was made 是一般过去时被动 · in + 地点 / in + 年份，两个 in 含义不同 |
| Our clavichord is kept in the living room. | is kept 表被动、也表状态 · keep 在这里意为「放置、保存」 |
| It has belonged to our family for a long time. | belong to 不用被动 · for + 一段时间与现在完成时连用 |
| The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. | was bought by … 被动语态用 by 引出动作执行者 |
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| Recently it was damaged by a visitor. | 被动 was damaged by 被…弄坏 · recently 常与过去时或现在完成时连用 |
| She tried to play jazz on it! | play + 乐器用 on（play jazz on it）· 句末感叹号表示惊讶 |
| She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. | struck 是 strike 的过去式 · two of the strings 表「其中的两根弦」· were broken 被动 |
| 句子 | 语法点 |
|---|---|
| My father was shocked. | shocked 是形容词化的过去分词，表「感到震惊」 |
| Now we are not allowed to touch it. | be allowed to do 被允许做某事 · 否定式 are not allowed to |
| It is being repaired by a friend of my father's. | 现在进行时被动 is being repaired = 正在被修理 · a friend of my father's 是双重所有格 |
| 短语 | 用法与例句 |
|---|---|
| be made in + 地点/年份 | 制造于某地/某年：It was made in Germany in 1681. |
| belong to | 属于（没有被动语态）：It has belonged to our family. |
| be allowed to do sth. | 被允许做某事：We are not allowed to touch it. |
| a friend of my father's | 双重所有格：我父亲的一位朋友。 |