🔍 Jumbo versus the police 小象对警察

新概念英语第二册 Lesson 65 · 语法精读与固定搭配分类

NCE Book 2 · Lesson 65（课本印刷页 296-299）· 8 个生词和短语 · 课文 9 句

一全文逐句语法解读

本课是一则「小象游街」的幽默新闻。语言点集中在 should have done / ought to have done（本该做而未做，含责备）、must 表推测（Jumbo must weigh a few tons）、过去分词短语作状语（Dressed up as … / accompanied by …），以及 let sb. off 等短语。

¶ 1 · 圣诞节的决定（句 1-2）

句子	语法点
Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital.	同位语 the circus owner, Jimmy Gates · decide to do sth. 决定做某事 · take sth. to 把某物送到 · last Christmas 去年圣诞节
Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.	过去分词短语作状语 Dressed up as … / accompanied by …（说明装扮和随行）· dress up as 装扮成 · a guard of honour 仪仗队 · set off 出发 · riding a baby elephant 现在分词短语作伴随状语 · Jumbo 江伯（象名）

¶ 2 · 警察介入（句 3-4）

句子	语法点
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.	should have done 本应该知道（事实上不知道，含责备）· allow this sort of thing 允许这类事情 · 宾语从句 that 引导
A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.	approach sb. 走近某人 · ought to have done 本该做某事（却没有做）· go along a side street 走小路 · hold up the traffic 阻碍交通 · 原因状语从句 as 引导

¶ 3 · 拒绝移动（句 5-7）

句子	语法点
Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move.	让步状语从句 though 引导 · agree to do sth. 同意做某事 · at once 立刻 · refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 · 注意 though 与 but 不能连用
Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street.	have to do sth. 不得不做某事 · push hard 用力推 · get sb. off 把某人弄离 · the main street 主要街道
The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused.	have a difficult time 日子不好过 · most amused ＝ very amused（most 此处＝ very）· amused 觉得好笑的

¶ 4 · 从轻发落（句 8-9）

句子	语法点
'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him.'	must 表推测 must weigh：一定重达 · a few tons 好几吨 · it was fortunate that … 幸好…… · afterwards 后来 · 宾语从句 that 引导
'Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'	arrest sb. 逮捕某人 · have a good record 记录良好 · let sb. off 放某人一马，从轻发落 · 原因状语从句 as 引导 · this time 这一次

二固定搭配与重点词组

短语	用法与例句
decide to do sth.	决定做某事：decided to take some presents to a children's hospital。
dress up as	装扮成：Dressed up as Father Christmas。
a guard of honour	仪仗队：accompanied by a guard of honour of six pretty girls。
set off	出发：he set off down the main street of the city。
hold up the traffic	阻碍交通：Jumbo was holding up the traffic。
should / ought to have done	本该做某事（而没做）：He should have known… / he ought to have gone…。
let sb. off	放某人一马，从轻发落：we shall let him off this time。

三语法核心总结

should have done

本该做某事（而没做），含责备

must 表推测

must weigh a few tons：一定重达几吨

过去分词短语作状语

Dressed up as… / accompanied by…

让步状语从句

Though Jimmy agreed to go at once…

should have done 与 ought to have done：两者都表示「本该做某事而没做」，含责备意味。He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.（他本该知道警察不会允许这类事情。）A policeman … told him he ought to have gone along a side street…（警察告诉他本该走小路。）两者语气相近，ought to 稍正式。
must 表推测：Jumbo must weigh a few tons. 这里的 must 不是「必须」，而是表示很有把握的推测，意为「一定重达」。同类还有 He must be at home now.（他现在一定在家。）若推测「可能」，则用 may；「不可能」用 can't。
most amused ＝ very amused：The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. most 用在形容词前且前面没有 the 时，往往等于 very（非常），而不是最高级。若说 the most amusing，才是「最有趣的」。